For typical water-distribution main installation, transient analysis may be necessary even if velocities are low. System looping and service connections may amplify transient effects and need to be studied carefully. Transient analysis should be performed for large, high-value pipelines, especially those with pump stations.

A complete transient analysis, in conjunction with other system design activities, should be performed during the initial design phases of a project. Normal flow-control operations and predicable emergency operations should, of course, be evaluated during the design. However, uncommon flow-control activities can occur once the system is in operation, making it important that all factors that could affect the integrity of the system be considered.